Typical rift features are a central linear downfaulted depression, called a graben, or more commonly a half-graben with normal faulting and rift-flank uplifts mainly on one side. speech-communication; 0 Answer. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ptl", "entryex-mcp"); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; 35, 231–244. ga('set', 'dimension2', "ex"); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, We suggest that intra‐arc rifting accompanied the rapid rotation of the arc during the early Miocene, and that the extensional tectonics and rotation ended simultaneously. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, btScript.src = '//idmgroup-com.videoplayerhub.com/videoloader.js'; iasLog("exclusion label : wprod"); }, googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pt", "ex"); 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? }; { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, The process of continental rifting is primarily a result of a deviation from isostatic equilibrium in the presence of a tensional stress regime. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, storage: { { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, The origin of this extensional force relates the primary driving force of plate tectonics, Mantle convection. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_dc = english"); Simultaneous normal faulting and extensional flexuring during rifting: an example from the southernmost Upper Rhine Graben Received: 15 December 2003/ Accepted: 28 … Recent Examples on the Web The team only found evidence of extensional features—both ancient and modern—which suggests that a short, violent birth could have given way to an early ocean. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, 0 votes. 'min': 8.50, }); { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, "sign-up": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signup?rid=READER_ID", { Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. iasLog("criterion : cdo_pc = dictionary"); Simultaneous normal faulting and extensional flexuring during rifting: an example from the southernmost Upper Rhine Graben . "authorization": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/info?rid=READER_ID&url=CANONICAL_URL&ref=DOCUMENT_REFERRER&type=&v1=&v2=&v3=&v4=english&_=RANDOM", var pbDesktopSlots = [ { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, googletag.enableServices(); "error": true, name: "criteo" Continental rifting Led to the Rifting is the process by which the continental lithosphere stretches. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 100] }}, name: "identityLink", { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, Few factors in extensional environments are in- dependent, and most factors or processes have a number of complex feedbacks (Fig. Sedimentologic response. filter: 'include' { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, an area of flat land near a river that is often flooded when the river becomes too full, Rome wasn’t built in a day: Phrases with place names. "noPingback": true, addPrebidAdUnits(pbAdUnits); 'min': 3.05, var pbAdUnits = getPrebidSlots(curResolution); For example, in the northern North Atlantic, rifting occurred along the Caledonian belt, and in eastern Africa, the East African Rift Zone is located within a Late Proterozoic belt. ga('create', 'UA-31379-3',{cookieDomain:'dictionary.cambridge.org',siteSpeedSampleRate: 10}); Lindley, D., 1988, Early Cainozoic Stratigraphy and Structure of the Gazelle Peninsula, East New Britain: An Example of Extensional Tectonics in the New Britain Arc-Trench Complex, Aust. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", dfpSlots['topslot_b'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_topslot', [[728, 90]], 'ad_topslot_b').defineSizeMapping(mapping_topslot_b).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); Isostasy and flexure of the lithosphere. When rifting is oblique then plane strain does not apply: we refer to the strain in an oblique rift as transtension. Role of igneous activity in extension. }, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, By Kamil Ustaszewski, Markus Schumacher and Stefan Schmid. iasLog("criterion : cdo_pt = ex"); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, Axial rift valley is small - typically 2-10 km wide - or entirely absent from fast-spreading ridges 4. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, iframe: { An example of extensional orientation is. },{ } Burchfiel, B. C. et al., 1992, The south Tibetan detachment system, Himalayan orogen: extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Continental rifts are therefore a prime setting for the study of coupling and exchanges between the deeper and shallower parts of our planet. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, these physical parameters determines the eventual outcome of rifting (failure or progression to complete continental breakup), the patterns of subsidence and uplift, and the mode of extensional deformation. As oceanic crust gets older and colder, subduction likely starts and the ocean basin closes, with the bounding continents eventually colliding to form a new mountain belt. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_l", "en"); Remnant subsidence modelling usually provides lower-bound estimates due to uncertainties in, The association of these two magma types is an example of bimodal mafic-ultramafic magmatism in a, Several pelitic and semipelitic intervals are present, perhaps indicative of thermal recovery during pauses in extensional, In this case the method will slightly overestimate as some thermal subsidence might be included, but it will underestimate the duration of, Furthermore, the high temperature of the granitic magmas and their intrusion at deep-crustal levels is consistent with magmatism generated by a rising mantle plume in an area of localized, Considering the age of the beginning of the, This lends support to a controlling influence for lithospheric, The evidence, including that of xenoliths carried in the magmas, supports the idea of melting of old metasomatized lithospheric mantle, usually associated with, These characteristics suggest that the initiation of sinistral strike-slip movement behind the trench caused the basaltic volcanism subsequent to, Selecting 100 km gives a conservative estimate as this area has the thinnest lithosphere and will produce the least lamprophyre on, The heavy line indicates the line of initial, Possibilities include there being laterally equivalent parts of a continuous passive margin, or conjugate passive margins following an earlier episode of, This method requires no a priori information about either the duration of, Therefore, the antecedent structures in most cases were not suitably oriented with respect to the external kinematic framework during initial, This thinning may be attributed to orogenic collapse or later. The complex multi-phase rifting history of the North West Shelf (NWS) has resulted in uplift across the Northern Carnarvon Basin, including the broad outboard Exmouth Plateau, Figure 1. “Extensional.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensional. 'buckets': [{ Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. 'cap': true { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, partner: "uarus31" Lecture index: Listric normal faulting. googletag.pubads().setCategoryExclusion('mcp').setCategoryExclusion('resp').setCategoryExclusion('wprod'); initAdSlotRefresher(); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, "login": { { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Structures in extensional terranes. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, In that context, we present original seismic interpretation to explore the geometry and interactions of three successive rifting events in the Coral Sea region, Papua New Guinea. "authorizationFallbackResponse": { iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); Continental rifting involves the entire mantle-lithosphere system through heat transfer and magmatism, and possibly through the mechanical effect of mantle flow on lithospheric deformation. ga('send', 'pageview'); These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. storage: { },{ var pbjs = pbjs || {}; { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162050', zoneId: '776336', position: 'btf' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. googletag.cmd.push(function() { "sign-out": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signout?rid=READER_ID" }); 2 Plate Tectonics – An Introduction to Geology ^ AB Watts (2001). 'cap': true { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, },{ For example, crustal rheology, flexural ridigity and fault geometry depend strongly on anisotropies of earlier tectonism, heat flow through the … var pbMobileHrSlots = [ { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; This means that the Rhine Graben is also an example of type three rifting. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, Oceanic rifts occur in dominantly mafic igneous rocks of the oceanic crust. Earth Sci., Nat. // FIXME: (temporary) - send ad requests only if PlusPopup is not shown The magnitudes of extensional strain in the SW Japan arc were sufficiently small for paleomagnetism studies to have argued for coherent rotation of the arc, although it was broken in some places into blocks to form grabens. {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_l = en"); priceGranularity: customGranularity, Geological Society of America Special Paper 269. Reactivation of extensional structures is commonly inferred during rift evolution. 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